美国爱斯基摩犬(American Eskimo Dog)AKC标准及介绍
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美国爱斯基摩犬(American Eskimo Dog)AKC标准及介绍
[美国爱斯基摩犬简介]
美国爱斯基摩犬，一种深情的伴侣犬，显得有力而敏捷，警惕而美丽。是一种小体型到中等体型的典型的北欧犬种，总是白色，或白色带有小块奶酪色。美国爱斯基摩犬结构紧凑且非常匀称，体质良好，具有警惕、平顺的步态。典型的北欧脸型，三角形的直立的耳朵，与众不同的黑色点（黑色嘴唇、鼻镜、眼圈）。白色的双层被毛由短而浓密的底毛和长长的外层披毛组成，披毛的毛发穿过底毛，笔直的，没有任何卷曲或波浪状。颈部周围和胸部的被毛长而浓厚，形成象狮子那样的鬃毛，在雄性身上比在雌性身上更为明显。从臀部到大腿，向下到飞节的位置，一样覆盖着长而浓厚的被毛，形成了特殊的所谓“马裤”。覆盖着羽状饰毛的尾巴松散地卷在背后。
[美国爱斯基摩犬体型]尺寸：美国爱斯基摩犬有三种尺寸类型（尺寸是指肩高）：玩具型，9英寸~12英寸（包括12英寸）；小型，12英寸~15英寸（包括15英寸）；标准型， 15~19英寸（包括19英寸）。在这三种尺寸范围内，没有特别的偏爱。失格：低于9英寸或高于19英寸。比例：体长（从肩胛骨最前端到臀部末端的距离）略大于肩高，比例大约为1.1:1。体质：美国爱斯基摩犬结实，且结构紧凑，有足够的骨量。
[美国爱斯基摩犬的头部]表情敏锐，聪明而且警惕。眼睛：不过分圆，而是略呈卵形。眼睛的位置分地比较开，而且不倾斜，突出或鼓起。泪痕，除非非常严重，否则不属于缺陷。对泪痕的注意程度不应该超过对类型、结构和气质的注意程度。深褐色或中等褐色的眼睛是首选的。眼圈的颜色是黑色或深褐色。睫毛是白色的。缺陷：琥珀色眼睛或粉红色眼圈。失格：兰色眼睛。耳朵：与头部的尺寸相称，三角形，耳尖略钝，保持直立。位置高且距离很宽，柔和地融入头部。脑袋：略呈冠状，柔和的楔形，耳朵间具有最大宽度。止部非常清晰，但不很陡峭。口吻：相当宽，但长度绝对不能超过脑袋的长度，虽然它可能略短。鼻镜：色素沉积为黑色或深褐色。嘴唇薄而紧密，颜色为黑色或深褐色。缺陷：粉红色鼻镜或粉红色嘴唇。颌部非常结实，牙齿整齐而完整。剪状咬和或钳状咬和。
[美国爱斯基摩犬的颈部、背线、身躯]颈部的姿势是骄傲地竖立着，位置恰当，中等长度，呈结实，优美的圆弧形。背线水平。美国爱斯基摩犬的身躯结实而紧凑，但不能象小马一样。胸部深而宽，肋骨支撑良好。胸部的深度大致能延伸到肘关节。腹部在肋骨后方略微上提。后背直、宽、水平、且肌肉发达。腰部结实而肌肉发达。美国爱斯基摩犬的接合既不太长，也不太短。尾巴的位置稍高，如果向下垂，能延伸到飞节。尾巴的姿势是松散地卷在背后，但休息时也许会放下来。
[美国爱斯基摩犬的前躯]前躯角度恰当。肩胛位置稳固，有足够的肌肉，但不过分发达。肩胛骨向后倾斜，与地平线呈45度角。在肩关节，肩胛骨与上臂骨之间成大致为90度的角度。前肢彼此平行且直（到胶骨为止）。胶骨结实而柔韧，大约倾斜成20度角。前肢的长度与身躯相称。前肢的狼爪可以切除（主要根据犬主的判断）；如果保留，也不属于缺陷。足爪呈卵形，紧凑，紧密结合，且中间有毛发填补空隙。脚趾圆拱。脚垫为黑色或深褐色，脚垫深而坚硬。指甲为白色。
[美国爱斯基摩犬的后躯]后躯角度恰当。骨盆与水平线大约呈30度角。第一节大腿非常发达。膝关节适度弯曲。飞节位置低且稳固。后骹骨直。后腿彼此平行，既不向内弯，也不向外翻。足爪与前肢相同。狼爪不应该出现在后肢。
[美国爱斯基摩犬的被毛]美国爱斯基摩犬拥有竖立的双层被毛，由浓厚的底毛和较长的外层披毛组成，外层披毛穿过底毛，在外层形成保护。披毛笔直，绝没有卷曲或波浪状的现象。颈部有明显的鬃毛环绕，雄性比雌性更突出。耳朵外面覆盖着短而平滑的毛发，较长的护耳毛生长在耳朵前面开口处。口吻上的毛发短而平滑。前肢后面长有羽状饰毛。后肢的羽状饰毛延伸到飞节。尾巴上覆盖着大量的、长长的毛发。绝对不能修剪美国爱斯基摩犬的胡须和身躯上的被毛，如果修剪了，将受到非常严厉的处罚。唯一允许修剪的部位就是整理足爪和骹骨后面。
[美国爱斯基摩犬的颜色]通体白色是首选的颜色，尽管白色带有小块奶酪色也是允许的。对于奶酪色斑块的关注不应该超过对典型特征、结构、气质的关注。美国爱斯基摩犬的皮肤应该是粉红色或灰色。失格：除了白色和小块奶酪色外的任何颜色。
[美国爱斯基摩犬的步态]美国爱斯基摩犬的步态为小跑，而不是踱步。步态敏捷、粗放、且没有粘连。前躯伸展充分，后躯驱动有力。随着速度增加，美国爱斯基摩犬趋向于单一轨迹，由于地心引力的作用，四肢向身体中心线聚拢，背部保持稳固、强健和水平。
[美国爱斯基摩犬的气质]美国爱斯基摩犬是一种友善、警惕、且聪明的狗，尽管有点保守。他既不应该过分羞怯，也不能好斗，这样的狗在比赛中会受到严厉处罚。在家里，他是一个非常卓越的看门狗，以警告性的吠声告知家人有陌生人来访。能保护家庭和家人，尽管他不会有咬人或攻击人的危险。美国爱斯基摩犬能很快学会新的技能，并热衷于取悦主人。
[失格]除了白色和小块奶酪色外的任何颜色。
兰色眼睛
高度超过19英寸或不足9英寸。
标准执行日期：1994年11月30日
[以下为美国爱斯基摩犬(American Eskimo Dog)AKC标准英文原版]
American Eskimo Dog Breed Standard
General Appearance
The American Eskimo Dog, a loving companion dog, presents a picture of strength and agility, alertness and beauty. It is a small to medium-size Nordic type dog, always white, or white with biscuit cream. The American Eskimo Dog is compactly built and well balanced, with good substance, and an alert, smooth gait. The face is Nordic type with erect triangular shaped ears, and distinctive black points (lips, nose, and eye rims). The white double coat consists of a short, dense undercoat, with a longer guard hair growing through it forming the outer coat, which is straight with no curl or wave. The coat is thicker and longer around the neck and chest forming a lion-like ruff, which is more noticeable on dogs than on bitches. The rump and hind legs down to the hocks are also covered with thicker, longer hair forming the characteristic breeches. The richly plumed tail is carried loosely on the back.
Size, Proportion, Substance
SizeThere are three separate size divisions of the American Eskimo Dog (all measurements are heights at withers): Toy, 9 inches to and including 12 inches; Miniature, over 12 inches to and including 15 inches; and Standard, over 15 inches to and including 19 inches. There is no preference for size within each division.Disqualification: Under 9 inches or over 19 inches. Proportion. Length of back from point of shoulder to point of buttocks is slightly greater than height at withers, an approximate 1.1 to 1 ratio.Substance.The American Eskimo Dog is strong and compactly built with adequate bone.
Head
Expressionis keen, intelligent, and alert.Eyesare not fully round, but slightly oval. They should be set well apart, and not slanted, prominent or bulging. Tear stain, unless severe, is not to be faulted. Presence of tear stain should not outweigh consideration of type, structure, or temperament. Dark to medium brown is the preferred eye color. Eye rims are black to dark brown. Eyelashes are white. Faults: amber eye color or pink eye rims.Disqualification: blue eyes. Earsshould conform. to head size and be triangular, slightly blunt-tipped, held erect, set on high yet well apart, and blend softly with the head.Skullis slightly crowned and softly wedge-shaped, with widest breadth between the ears. The stop is well defined, although not abrupt. Themuzzleis broad, with length not exceeding the length of the skull, although it may be slightly shorter.Nosepigment is black to dark brown.Lipsare thin and tight, black to dark brown in color.Faults:pink nose pigment or pink lip pigment. Thejawshould be strong with a full complement of close fitting teeth. Thebiteis scissors, or pincer.
Neck, Topline, Body
Theneckis carried proudly erect, well set on, medium in length, and in a strong, graceful arch. Thetoplineis level. Thebodyof the American Eskimo Dog is strong and compact, but not cobby. The chest is deep and broad with well-sprung ribs. Depth of chest extends approximately to point of elbows. Slight tuck-up of belly just behind the ribs. The back is straight, broad, level, and muscular. The loin is strong and well-muscled. The American Eskimo Dog is neither too long nor too short coupled. Thetailis set moderately high and reaches approximately to the point of hock when down. It is carried loosely on the back, although it may be dropped when at rest.
Forequarters
Forequarters are well angulated. The shoulder is firmly set and has adequate muscle but is not overdeveloped. The shoulder blades are well laid back and slant 45° with the horizontal. At the point of shoulder the shoulder blade forms an approximate right angle with the upper arm. The legs are parallel and straight to the pasterns. The pasterns are strong and flexible with a slant of about 20°. Length of leg in proportion to the body. Dewclaws on the front legs may be removed at the owner's discretion; if present, they are not to be faulted. Feet are oval, compact, tightly knit and well padded with hair. Toes are well arched. Pads are black to dark brown, tough and deeply cushioned. Toenails are white.
Hindquarters
Hindquarters are well angulated. The lay of the pelvis is approximately 30° to the horizontal. The upper thighs are well developed. Stifles are well bent. Hock joints are well let down and firm. The rear pasterns are straight. Legs are parallel from the rear and turn neither in nor out. Feet are as described for the front legs. Dewclaws are not present on the hind legs.
Coat
The American Eskimo Dog has a stand-off, double coat consisting of a dense undercoat and a longer coat of guard hair growing through it to form. the outer coat. It is straight with no curl or wave. There is a pronounced ruff around the neck which is more noticeable on dogs than bitches. Outer part of the ear should be well covered with short, smooth hair, with longer tufts of hair growing in front of ear openings. Hair on muzzle should be short and smooth. The backs of the front legs should be well feathered, as are the rear legs down to the hock. The tail is covered profusely with long hair. THERE IS TO BE NO TRIMMING OF THE WHISKERS OR BODY COAT AND SUCH TRIMMING WILL BE SEVERELY PENALIZED. The only permissible trimming is to neaten the feet and the backs of the rear pasterns.
Color
Pure white is the preferred color, although white with biscuit cream is permissible. Presence of biscuit cream should not outweigh consideration of type, structure, or temperament. The skin of the American Eskimo Dog is pink or gray.Disqualification: any color other than white or biscuit cream.
Gait
The American Eskimo Dog shall trot, not pace. The gait is agile, bold, well balanced, and frictionless, with good forequarter reach and good hindquarter drive. As speed increases, the American Eskimo Dog will single track with the legs converging toward the center line of gravity while the back remains firm, strong, and level.
Temperament
The American Eskimo Dog is intelligent, alert, and friendly, although slightly conservative. It is never overly shy nor aggressive, and such dogs are to be severely penalized in the show ring. At home it is an excellent watchdog, sounding a warning bark to announce the arrival of any stranger. It is protective of its home and family, although it does not threaten to bite or attack people. The American Eskimo Dog learns new tasks quickly and is eager to please.
Disqualifications
Any color other than white or biscuit cream
Blue eyes
Height: under 9" or over 19"
Approved: October 11, 1994
Effective: November 30, 1994
TAG: american dog eskimo 美国爱斯基摩犬
美国爱斯基摩犬
